Back Havana-sindroom Afrikaans متلازمة هافانا Arabic Хавански синдром Bulgarian Síndrome de l'Havana Catalan Havanský syndrom Czech Havanna-Syndrom German Σύνδρομο της Αβάνας Greek Síndrome de La Habana Spanish Havanna sündroom Estonian نشانگان هاوانا Persian

Havana syndrome

Havana syndrome
The Hotel Nacional in Havana is one of the locations where the syndrome has reportedly been experienced.[1]
CausesNot determined[2][3]
Differential diagnosisMass psychogenic illness, psychosomatic illness[4][5]

Havana syndrome (also known as "anomalous health incidents"[6][7]) is a disputed medical condition reported primarily by U.S. diplomatic, intelligence, and military officials stationed in overseas locations. Reported symptoms range in severity from pain and ringing in the ears to cognitive dysfunction[8][9] and were first reported by U.S. and Canadian embassy staff in Havana, Cuba, though earlier incidents may have occurred in Frankfurt, Germany.[10] Starting in 2016 through to 2021, several hundred U.S. intelligence and military officials and their families reported having symptoms in overseas locations including China, India,[11] Europe, Hanoi, as well as in Washington, D.C., USA.[12]

In 2019 and 2020, some U.S. government representatives attributed the incidents to attacks by unidentified foreign actors,[13] and various U.S. officials blamed the reported symptoms on a variety of unidentified and unknown technologies, including ultrasound or microwave weapons.[14] The U.S. intelligence services could not determine the cause of the symptoms, however, U.S. intelligence and government officials expressed suspicions to the press that Russian military intelligence was responsible.[15][16][17]

Beginning in 2022, several major studies were published; none of them found any evidence of the reported conditions being the result of actions by a hostile power, with some citing potential psychogenic and other explanations, such as environmental causes or pre-existing medical conditions. In January 2022, the Central Intelligence Agency issued an interim assessment concluding that the syndrome is not the result of "a sustained global campaign by a hostile power." Foreign involvement was ruled out in 976 cases of the 1,000 reviewed.[18][19]

In February 2022, a panel of experts assembled by the Biden administration released an executive summary stating that radio waves could be the cause of some of the injuries reported by some CIA officers and diplomats, and that while stress may have had a role in persistent symptoms, mass hysteria or functional illness could not explain the initial injuries in the cases it focused on.[20] In February 2022, the State Department released a report by the JASON Advisory Group, which stated that it was unlikely that a directed energy attack had caused the health incidents.[21]

In March 2023, seven U.S. intelligence agencies completed a review of the proposed cases of Havana syndrome and released an unclassified report with the consensus that "available intelligence consistently points against the involvement of US adversaries in causing the reported incidents" and that a foreign adversary's involvement was "very unlikely".[2][3] This stance was reiterated in a March 2024 report by the National Intelligence Council.[22]

  1. ^ "Cuba Travel Advisory". Travel.state.gov. Department of State. January 10, 2018. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference GuardianFeb2023 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference WPost was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference MPI was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Flam, Faye (March 2, 2023). "Havana Syndrome Is a Mystery, But Not of Physics". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  6. ^ "Anomalous Health Incidents and the Health Incident Response Task Force". United States Department of State. November 5, 2022. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
  7. ^ "FY2022 NDAA: Care for Anomalous Health Incident Victims". Congressional Research Service. February 7, 2022. Archived from the original on December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  8. ^ Nelson R (December 2021). "Havana syndrome might be the result of energy pulses". Lancet. 396 (10267): 1954. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32711-2. PMID 33341130. S2CID 229306878.
  9. ^ "The world this week, Oct 16th 2021 edition – Politics". The Economist. Archived from the original on August 18, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  10. ^ Dobrokhotov, Roman; Grozev, Christo; Weiss, Michael (March 31, 2024). "Unraveling Havana Syndrome: New evidence links the GRU's assassination Unit 29155 to mysterious attacks on U.S. officials and their families". The Insider. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  11. ^ "Explained: CIA officer on India trip reports Havana Syndrome; what is known about its symptoms and causes so far". September 24, 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Strobel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference HudsonHarris was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference WilliamsHerb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Greg Myre, CIA Recalls Vienna Station Chief In Move Related to Handling of 'Havana Syndrome' Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, NPR (September 24, 2021).
  16. ^ Seligman, Lara; Desiderio, Andrew (May 10, 2021). "Russian spy unit suspected of directed-energy attacks on U.S. personnel". Politico. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  17. ^ Adam Entous (May 31, 2021). "Are U.S. Officials Under Silent Attack?". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on June 1, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2021. Top officials in both the Trump and the Biden Administrations privately suspect that Russia is responsible for the Havana Syndrome. Their working hypothesis is that agents of the G.R.U., the Russian military's intelligence service, have been aiming microwave-radiation devices at U.S. officials to collect intelligence from their computers and cell phones, and that these devices can cause serious harm to the people they target.
  18. ^ Barnes, Julian E. (January 20, 2022). "Most 'Havana Syndrome' Cases Unlikely Caused by Foreign Power, C.I.A. Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  19. ^ "CIA says 'Havana Syndrome' not result of sustained campaign by hostile power". NBC News. January 20, 2022. Archived from the original on January 28, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  20. ^ Barnes, Julian E. (February 2, 2022). "Panel Says Some Havana Syndrome Cases May Stem From Radio Energy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  21. ^ "An Analysis of Data and Hypotheses Related to the Embassy Incidents" (PDF). state.gov. United States Department of State. February 10, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 14, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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